We all face stress of one kind or another and some people deal with it well while others do not. We live in a face paced, 24/7 world with little time to stop to relax so I thought I'd print some information I found on healthfinder.gov that provides descriptions of the different kinds of stress and things we can do to relieve stress.
The Basics
Preventing and managing stress can help lower your risk of serious health problems like heart disease, high blood pressure, and depression. You can prevent or lessen stress by:
Planning ahead
Preparing for stressful events
Some stress is hard to avoid. You can find ways to manage stress by:
Noticing when you feel stressed
Taking time to relax
Getting active and eating healthy
Talking to friends and family
What are the signs of stress?When people are under stress, they may feel:
Worried
Irritable
Depressed
Unable to focus
Stress also affects the body. Physical signs of stress include:
Headaches
Back pain
Problems sleeping
Upset stomach
Weight gain or loss
Tense muscles
Frequent or more serious colds
Use this tool to better understand your stress (http://www.healthcalculators.org/calculators/stress.asp ).
What causes stress?Stress is often caused by some type of change. Even positive changes, like marriage or a job promotion, can be stressful. Stress can be short–term or long–term.
Common causes of short–term stress include:
Too much to do and not much time
Lots of little problems in the same day (like a traffic jam and running late)
Getting lost
Having an argument
Longer–term stress can be caused by things like:
Divorce or problems in a marriage
Death of a loved one
Illness
Caring for someone who is sick
Problems at work
Money problems
What are the benefits of managing stress?
Managing stress can help you:
Sleep better
Control your weight
Get sick less often and heal faster
Lessen neck and back pain
Be in a better mood
Get along better with family and friends
Take Action!
Being prepared and in control of your situation will help you feel less stress. Follow these 9 tips for preventing and managing stress.
1. Plan your time.Think ahead about how you are going to use your time. Write a to–do list and decide which tasks are the most important. Be realistic about how long each thing will take.
2. Prepare yourself.Prepare ahead of time for stressful events like a job interview or a hard conversation with a loved one.
Picture the event in your mind.
Stay positive.
Imagine what the room will look like and what you will say.
Have a back–up plan.
3. Relax with deep breathing. Learn how easy it is to use deep breathing to relax (http://www.helpguide.org/mental/stress_relief_meditation_yoga_relaxation.htm#deep)
.
4. Relax your muscles. Stress causes tension in your muscles. Try stretching or taking a hot shower to help you relax. You can do these stretches at your desk (http://dohs.ors.od.nih.gov/ergo_computers.htm#muscular).
5. Get active. Physical activity can help prevent and manage stress. It can also help relax your muscles and improve your mood. Try a new activity like yoga or gardening.
Aim for 2 hours and 30 minutes a week of moderate aerobic activity, like walking fast or biking. Be sure to exercise for at least 10 minutes at a time. Do strengthening activities (like sit–ups or lifting weights) at least 2 days a week.
6. Eat healthy. Give your body plenty of energy by eating fruits, vegetables, and protein.
7. Drink alcohol only in moderation.Don't rely on alcohol and drugs to manage your stress. If you choose to drink, drink only in moderation. This means no more than 1 drink a day for women or 2 drinks a day for men.
8. Talk to friends and family. Tell your friends and family if you are feeling stress. They may be able to help.
9. Get help if you need it. If your stress doesn't go away or keeps getting worse, you may need help. Over time, stress can lead to serious problems like depression, post–traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or anxiety.
These conditions can be treated with talk therapy (called psychotherapy) or medicines. If you are feeling down or hopeless, talk to a doctor about depression. Visit this Web site to learn more about anxiety (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml).
A mental health professional (like a psychologist or social worker) can help you deal with stress. Stress is a normal part of life, and lots of people need help to manage it better.
Learn more about how you can keep your heart healthy.
Start Today: Small Steps
Take a few slow, deep breaths.
Take a hot shower or bath.
Talk to a friend or loved one about how you are feeling.
Content last updated on: May 13, 2010
National Health Information Center
P.O. Box 1133, Washington, DC 20013-1133healthfinder@nhic.org
Tuesday, June 29, 2010
Monday, June 28, 2010
Understanding Eating Disorders
Last month I posted a short article on eating disorders. Since eating disorders affect so many people, I thought I'd share another web site that I found with some great information.
Whether it's eating too much or not enough, eating disorders can cause some very serious health issues and sometimes even lead to death. Eating disorders can affect anyone, but woman/girls make up the vast majority of cases.
The National Institute of Mental Health has a great web page filled with information on the definition of eating disorders and has sections on anorexia, bulimia and binge eating. It also tells you where to look for more information.
Here's the link: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/eating-disorders/complete-index.shtml
Whether it's eating too much or not enough, eating disorders can cause some very serious health issues and sometimes even lead to death. Eating disorders can affect anyone, but woman/girls make up the vast majority of cases.
The National Institute of Mental Health has a great web page filled with information on the definition of eating disorders and has sections on anorexia, bulimia and binge eating. It also tells you where to look for more information.
Here's the link: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/eating-disorders/complete-index.shtml
Nutrition: Fats and Oils
I found a helpful tip sheet from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute on fats and oils and how to choose the best kind.
Eat less of all fats and oils. When you do use fats and oils--choose those with less saturated fat.
C H O O S E
More Unsaturated
Margarine (especially soft,
light, trans fat free margarine)
Oils: corn, canola, olive,
safflower, soybean, sunflower
A V O I D
Trans fat
Stick margarine
More Saturated
Butter
Solid shortening
Lard
Fatback
Eat less of all fats and oils. When you do use fats and oils--choose those with less saturated fat.
C H O O S E
More Unsaturated
Margarine (especially soft,
light, trans fat free margarine)
Oils: corn, canola, olive,
safflower, soybean, sunflower
A V O I D
Trans fat
Stick margarine
More Saturated
Butter
Solid shortening
Lard
Fatback
Saturday, June 26, 2010
Fireworks Safety Tips
With the 4th of July just around the corner, I thought it might be a good idea to share some fireworks safety tips with you.
To help consumers use fireworks more safely, the CPSC offers these recommendations:
Do not allow young children to play with fire-works under any circumstances. Sparklers, consid-ered by many the ideal "safe" firework for the young, burn at very high temperatures and can easily ignite clothing. Children cannot understand the danger involved and cannot act appropriately in case of emergency.
Older children should only be permitted to use fireworks under close adult supervision. Do not allow any running or horseplay.
Light fireworks outdoors in a clear area away from houses, dry leaves or grass and flammable materials.
Keep a bucket of water nearby for emergencies and for pouring on fireworks that don't go off.
Do not try to relight or handle malfunctioning fireworks. Douse and soak them with water and throw them away.
Be sure other people are out of range before lighting fireworks.
Never ignite fireworks in a container, especially a glass or metal container.
Keep unused fireworks away from firing areas.
Store fireworks in a dry, cool place. Check instructions for special storage directions.
Observe local laws.
Never have any portion of your body directly over a firework while lighting.
Don't experiment with homemade fireworks.
PARENTS SHOULD SUPERVISE THE ORDERING AND USE OF MAIL-ORDER "MAKE YOUR OWN" FIREWORK KITS AND COMPONENTS. MAIL-ORDER KITS AND COMPONENTS DESIGNED TO BUILD BANNED FIREWORKS ARE PROHIBITED.
To help consumers use fireworks more safely, the CPSC offers these recommendations:
Do not allow young children to play with fire-works under any circumstances. Sparklers, consid-ered by many the ideal "safe" firework for the young, burn at very high temperatures and can easily ignite clothing. Children cannot understand the danger involved and cannot act appropriately in case of emergency.
Older children should only be permitted to use fireworks under close adult supervision. Do not allow any running or horseplay.
Light fireworks outdoors in a clear area away from houses, dry leaves or grass and flammable materials.
Keep a bucket of water nearby for emergencies and for pouring on fireworks that don't go off.
Do not try to relight or handle malfunctioning fireworks. Douse and soak them with water and throw them away.
Be sure other people are out of range before lighting fireworks.
Never ignite fireworks in a container, especially a glass or metal container.
Keep unused fireworks away from firing areas.
Store fireworks in a dry, cool place. Check instructions for special storage directions.
Observe local laws.
Never have any portion of your body directly over a firework while lighting.
Don't experiment with homemade fireworks.
PARENTS SHOULD SUPERVISE THE ORDERING AND USE OF MAIL-ORDER "MAKE YOUR OWN" FIREWORK KITS AND COMPONENTS. MAIL-ORDER KITS AND COMPONENTS DESIGNED TO BUILD BANNED FIREWORKS ARE PROHIBITED.
The National Council on Fireworks Safety has a great video on their web site. Here's the link: http://www.fireworksafety.com/safety_video.html
Once you read the above information and watch the video, take this test (PDF). The answers are also available.
If you're not sure what your state allows, here's a web site with all the state laws: http://www.americanpyro.com/State%20Laws%20(main)/statelaws.html
Be careful!
Childhood Obesity
Much research is being done on childhood obesity. In today's society, with kids being constantly bombarded on TV with commercials advertising fast food and high fat/calorie snacks, it's no wonder there seems to be an epidemic of childhood obesity.
Most of the 27 National Institutes of Health Institutes and Centers sponsor obesity and healthy weight research. Among their recent findings:
Children who are obese are far more likely to develop stiffer large arteries than children who are leaner, according to a study funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Stiff arteries are associated with atherosclerosis, a condition in which blood vessels become clogged and one that usually doesn't occur until adulthood. Exercise and lower body mass can improve the condition, according to the study.
Two recent studies published in the journal Pediatrics show that minority children have higher levels of obesity than their white counterparts. They also show more signs of inflammation, which in adults is associated with heart disease. Twenty percent of black and Hispanic children ages 2 to 19 are obese. Fifteen percent of white children are obese, according to the study. Factors such as infant eating and sleeping habits, mothers who smoke during pregnancy, and a dozen other circumstances were examined as a part of the study. This research was funded by NIH's National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities.
Researchers are looking at whether or not the risks for childhood obesity could actually start before birth. The subject needs more rigorous testing, but suggests that earlier interventions among infants and toddlers who become obese need to be a part of infant care. The research was funded by NIH's National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
Here are a few tips for healthier eating for kids:
Buy and serve more fruits and vegetables (fresh, frozen, canned, or dried). Let your child choose them at the store.
Buy fewer soft drinks and high-fat or high-calorie snack foods like chips, cookies, and candy. These snacks may be OK once in a while, but always keep healthy snack foods on hand. Offer the healthy snacks more often at snack times.
Make sure your child eats breakfast every day. Breakfast provides your child with the energy he or she needs to listen and learn in school. Skipping breakfast can leave your child hungry, tired, and looking for less healthy foods later in the day.
Eat fast food less often. When you do visit a fast food restaurant, encourage your family to choose the healthier options, such as salads with low-fat dressing or small sandwiches without cheese or mayonnaise.
I found some great information on healthfinder.gov on helping your kids maintain a healthy weight. Visit http://healthfinder.gov/prevention/PrintTopic.aspx?topicId=62 for more information.
Most of the 27 National Institutes of Health Institutes and Centers sponsor obesity and healthy weight research. Among their recent findings:
Children who are obese are far more likely to develop stiffer large arteries than children who are leaner, according to a study funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Stiff arteries are associated with atherosclerosis, a condition in which blood vessels become clogged and one that usually doesn't occur until adulthood. Exercise and lower body mass can improve the condition, according to the study.
Two recent studies published in the journal Pediatrics show that minority children have higher levels of obesity than their white counterparts. They also show more signs of inflammation, which in adults is associated with heart disease. Twenty percent of black and Hispanic children ages 2 to 19 are obese. Fifteen percent of white children are obese, according to the study. Factors such as infant eating and sleeping habits, mothers who smoke during pregnancy, and a dozen other circumstances were examined as a part of the study. This research was funded by NIH's National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities.
Researchers are looking at whether or not the risks for childhood obesity could actually start before birth. The subject needs more rigorous testing, but suggests that earlier interventions among infants and toddlers who become obese need to be a part of infant care. The research was funded by NIH's National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
Here are a few tips for healthier eating for kids:
Buy and serve more fruits and vegetables (fresh, frozen, canned, or dried). Let your child choose them at the store.
Buy fewer soft drinks and high-fat or high-calorie snack foods like chips, cookies, and candy. These snacks may be OK once in a while, but always keep healthy snack foods on hand. Offer the healthy snacks more often at snack times.
Make sure your child eats breakfast every day. Breakfast provides your child with the energy he or she needs to listen and learn in school. Skipping breakfast can leave your child hungry, tired, and looking for less healthy foods later in the day.
Eat fast food less often. When you do visit a fast food restaurant, encourage your family to choose the healthier options, such as salads with low-fat dressing or small sandwiches without cheese or mayonnaise.
I found some great information on healthfinder.gov on helping your kids maintain a healthy weight. Visit http://healthfinder.gov/prevention/PrintTopic.aspx?topicId=62 for more information.
Thursday, June 24, 2010
Osteoarthritis
For all you arthritis sufferers out there, I found a great article from the NIH SeniorHealth web site. Although this is geared toward older folks, some of us younger folks suffer from osteoarthritis, too. Here is the introduction:
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis among older people. Osteoarthritis occurs when cartilage, the tissue that cushions the ends of the bones within the joints, breaks down and wears away. In some cases, all of the cartilage may wear away, leaving bones that rub up against each other.
For the complete article, visit the NIH SeniorHealth Osteoarthritis page.
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis among older people. Osteoarthritis occurs when cartilage, the tissue that cushions the ends of the bones within the joints, breaks down and wears away. In some cases, all of the cartilage may wear away, leaving bones that rub up against each other.
For the complete article, visit the NIH SeniorHealth Osteoarthritis page.
Monday, June 21, 2010
A special message
This is just a personal thank you to everyone who has visited my blog. I started this blog on my own last month and I plan on continuing for a long time to come. I decided to identify myself since I think it is important that you know who is providing all this information. Please feel free to contact me at the e-mail on the right side near the bottom if you have any questions or if you are having trouble finding health information on a particular topic. I want to provide quality information that people are interested in, so your comments/suggestions are welcome! Thanks for visiting and I hope you'll come back often!
Sunday, June 20, 2010
Tornado Safety
With all the tragic stories recently about tornadoes, I wanted to share some information that everyone should know. Tornadoes can strike just about anywhere so don't be complacent if your area is put under a tornado watch, even if you think your area never will get a tornado. Tornadoes can hit mountain areas, so be alert if the weather looks threatening.
SOME TORNADO FACTS:
- They may strike quickly, with little or no warning.
- They may appear nearly transparent until dust and debris are picked up or a cloud forms in the funnel.
- The average tornado moves Southwest to Northeast, but tornadoes have been known to move in any direction.
- The average forward speed of a tornado is 30 MPH, but may vary from stationary to 70 MPH.
- Tornadoes can accompany tropical storms and hurricanes as they move onto land.
- Waterspouts are tornadoes that form over water.
- Tornadoes are most frequently reported east of the Rocky Mountains during spring and summer months.
- Peak tornado season in the southern states is March through May; in the northern states, it is late spring through early summer.
- Tornadoes are most likely to occur between 3 p.m. and 9 p.m., but can occur at any time.
Tornado Watch
Tornadoes are possible. Remain alert for approaching storms. Watch the sky and stay tuned to NOAA Weather Radio, commercial radio, or television for information.
Tornado Warning
A tornado has been sighted or indicated by weather radar. Take shelter immediately.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A TORNADO:
Be alert to changing weather conditions.
- Listen to NOAA Weather Radio or to commercial radio or television newscasts for the latest information.
- Look for approaching storms
- Look for the following danger signs:
- Dark, often greenish sky
- Large hail
- A large, dark, low-lying cloud (particularly if rotating)
- Loud roar, similar to a freight train.
If you see approaching storms or any of the danger signs, be prepared to take shelter immediately.
WHAT TO DO DURING A TORNADO:
If you are under a tornado warning, then seek shelter immediately!
If you are in:
A structure (e.g. residence, small building, school, nursing home, hospital, factory, shopping center, high-rise building)
Then:
Go to a pre-designated shelter area such as a safe room, basement, storm cellar, or the lowest building level. If there is no basement, go to the center of an interior room on the lowest level (closet, interior hallway) away from corners, windows, doors, and outside walls. Put as many walls as possible between you and the outside. Get under a sturdy table and use your arms to protect your head and neck. Do not open windows.
If you are in
A vehicle, trailer, or mobile home
Then:
Get out immediately and go to the lowest floor of a sturdy, nearby building or a storm shelter. Mobile homes, even if tied down, offer little protection from tornadoes.
If you are in
The outside with no shelter
Then:
Lie flat in a nearby ditch or depression and cover your head with your hands. Be aware of the potential for flooding.
Do not get under an overpass or bridge. You are safer in a low, flat location.
Never try to outrun a tornado in urban or congested areas in a car or truck. Instead, leave the vehicle immediately for safe shelter.
Watch out for flying debris. Flying debris from tornadoes causes most fatalities and injuries.
- If you do suffer damage from a tornado or other disaster, visit Recovering From Disaster from FEMA.
- If you want more information on tornadoes, visit NOAA’s great web site Questions and Answers About Tornadoes
SOME TORNADO FACTS:
- They may strike quickly, with little or no warning.
- They may appear nearly transparent until dust and debris are picked up or a cloud forms in the funnel.
- The average tornado moves Southwest to Northeast, but tornadoes have been known to move in any direction.
- The average forward speed of a tornado is 30 MPH, but may vary from stationary to 70 MPH.
- Tornadoes can accompany tropical storms and hurricanes as they move onto land.
- Waterspouts are tornadoes that form over water.
- Tornadoes are most frequently reported east of the Rocky Mountains during spring and summer months.
- Peak tornado season in the southern states is March through May; in the northern states, it is late spring through early summer.
- Tornadoes are most likely to occur between 3 p.m. and 9 p.m., but can occur at any time.
Tornado Watch
Tornadoes are possible. Remain alert for approaching storms. Watch the sky and stay tuned to NOAA Weather Radio, commercial radio, or television for information.
Tornado Warning
A tornado has been sighted or indicated by weather radar. Take shelter immediately.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE A TORNADO:
Be alert to changing weather conditions.
- Listen to NOAA Weather Radio or to commercial radio or television newscasts for the latest information.
- Look for approaching storms
- Look for the following danger signs:
- Dark, often greenish sky
- Large hail
- A large, dark, low-lying cloud (particularly if rotating)
- Loud roar, similar to a freight train.
If you see approaching storms or any of the danger signs, be prepared to take shelter immediately.
WHAT TO DO DURING A TORNADO:
If you are under a tornado warning, then seek shelter immediately!
If you are in:
A structure (e.g. residence, small building, school, nursing home, hospital, factory, shopping center, high-rise building)
Then:
Go to a pre-designated shelter area such as a safe room, basement, storm cellar, or the lowest building level. If there is no basement, go to the center of an interior room on the lowest level (closet, interior hallway) away from corners, windows, doors, and outside walls. Put as many walls as possible between you and the outside. Get under a sturdy table and use your arms to protect your head and neck. Do not open windows.
If you are in
A vehicle, trailer, or mobile home
Then:
Get out immediately and go to the lowest floor of a sturdy, nearby building or a storm shelter. Mobile homes, even if tied down, offer little protection from tornadoes.
If you are in
The outside with no shelter
Then:
Lie flat in a nearby ditch or depression and cover your head with your hands. Be aware of the potential for flooding.
Do not get under an overpass or bridge. You are safer in a low, flat location.
Never try to outrun a tornado in urban or congested areas in a car or truck. Instead, leave the vehicle immediately for safe shelter.
Watch out for flying debris. Flying debris from tornadoes causes most fatalities and injuries.
- If you do suffer damage from a tornado or other disaster, visit Recovering From Disaster from FEMA.
- If you want more information on tornadoes, visit NOAA’s great web site Questions and Answers About Tornadoes
Saturday, June 19, 2010
Heat Illness
With the arrival of summer, I thought it would be a good time to share some information on heat illness and how to avoid potentially life-threatening heatstroke. Normally, your body cools itself by sweating. However, during hot weather, especially with high humidity, sweating just isn’t enough to keep your body temperature from rising to dangerous levels. Most heat illnesses are caused when you stay out in the heat for too long. Those most at risk for heat illness are older adults, young children, and those who are sick or overweight.
Heat-related illnesses include:
- Heat rash – skin irritation from excessive sweating
- Heat cramps – muscle pains or spasms that happen during heavy exercise
- Heat exhaustion – an illness that can precede heatstroke; symptoms include heavy sweating, rapid breathing and a fast, weak pulse
- Heatstroke – a life-threatening illness in which the body temperature may rise above 106° F in minutes; symptoms include dry skin, rapid, strong pulse, and dizziness
Here are some heat illness prevention tips from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:
- Drink more fluids (nonalcoholic), regardless of your activity level. Don’t wait until you’re thirsty to drink. Warning: If your doctor generally limits the amount of fluid you drink or has you on water pills, ask him how much you should drink while the weather is hot.
- Don’t drink liquids that contain alcohol or large amounts of sugar–these actually cause you to lose more body fluid. Also, avoid very cold drinks, because they can cause stomach cramps.
- Stay indoors and, if at all possible, stay in an air-conditioned place. If your home does not have air conditioning, go to the shopping mall or public library–even a few hours spent in air conditioning can help your body stay cooler when you go back into the heat. Call your local health department to see if there are any heat-relief shelters in your area.
- Electric fans may provide comfort, but when the temperature is in the high 90s, fans will not prevent heat-related illness. Taking a cool shower or bath, or moving to an air-conditioned place is a much better way to cool off.
- Wear lightweight, light-colored, loose-fitting clothing.
- NEVER leave anyone in a closed, parked vehicle.
For treatment and other information on heat illness visit MedlinePlus at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/heatillness.html
Heat-related illnesses include:
- Heat rash – skin irritation from excessive sweating
- Heat cramps – muscle pains or spasms that happen during heavy exercise
- Heat exhaustion – an illness that can precede heatstroke; symptoms include heavy sweating, rapid breathing and a fast, weak pulse
- Heatstroke – a life-threatening illness in which the body temperature may rise above 106° F in minutes; symptoms include dry skin, rapid, strong pulse, and dizziness
Here are some heat illness prevention tips from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:
- Drink more fluids (nonalcoholic), regardless of your activity level. Don’t wait until you’re thirsty to drink. Warning: If your doctor generally limits the amount of fluid you drink or has you on water pills, ask him how much you should drink while the weather is hot.
- Don’t drink liquids that contain alcohol or large amounts of sugar–these actually cause you to lose more body fluid. Also, avoid very cold drinks, because they can cause stomach cramps.
- Stay indoors and, if at all possible, stay in an air-conditioned place. If your home does not have air conditioning, go to the shopping mall or public library–even a few hours spent in air conditioning can help your body stay cooler when you go back into the heat. Call your local health department to see if there are any heat-relief shelters in your area.
- Electric fans may provide comfort, but when the temperature is in the high 90s, fans will not prevent heat-related illness. Taking a cool shower or bath, or moving to an air-conditioned place is a much better way to cool off.
- Wear lightweight, light-colored, loose-fitting clothing.
- NEVER leave anyone in a closed, parked vehicle.
For treatment and other information on heat illness visit MedlinePlus at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/heatillness.html
Friday, June 18, 2010
Alzheimer's Disease
Dementia is a brain disorder that seriously affects a person’s ability to carry out activities of daily living, with Alzheimer’s disease being the most common.
Alzheimer’s begins slowly with the person having trouble remembering things that happened recently or the names of people they know. Over time, these symptoms get worse. They may not be able to remember family members or have trouble speaking, reading or writing. As the disease progresses, they may become anxious or aggressive or wander away from home.
Many Alzheimer’s patients live with a family member until the disease progresses to where the family member is not able to take care of them anymore. This causes great stress to family members.
There is no cure for Alzheimer’s but there are drugs that can slow the progression of symptoms for a time.
Alzheimer’s disease usually begins after the age of 60. The risk increases as you get older. The risk is also higher if a family member has the disease.
Today, the only definitive way to diagnose Alzheimer's disease is to find out whether plaques and tangles co-exist in brain tissue. There is no 100% accurate way to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease. The only way to confirm diagnosis is to examine the brain after the person dies. However, skilled clinicians have a 90% accuracy rate in diagnosing the disease.
Doctors use several tools to diagnose Alzheimer's disease.
1. a complete medical history with questions about the person's general health, past medical problems, family health, and any difficulties carrying out daily activities
2. medical tests, such as tests of blood, urine or spinal fluid
3. tests to measure memory, problem solving, attention, counting, and language skills
4. brain scans that allow the doctor to look at a picture of the brain to see if anything does not look normal
These tests can help rule out other possible causes of symptoms.
Once Alzheimer’s is diagnosed, doctors have four drugs available to treat symptoms. For people with mild or moderate Alzheimer's, donepezil (Aricept®), rivastigmine (Exelon®), or galantamine (Razadyne®) may help prevent some symptoms from becoming worse for a limited time. Donepezil is also approved for symptoms of moderate to severe Alzheimer's. Another drug, memantine (Namenda®), is used to treat symptoms of moderate to severe Alzheimer's, although it is also limited in its effects.
For more complete information on Alzheimer’s disease, visit the National Institute on Aging Alzheimer’s web site at http://nihseniorhealth.gov/alzheimersdisease/toc.html
MedlinePlus also has a great page that contains links to information on symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and all kinds of other helpful resources.
Alzheimer’s begins slowly with the person having trouble remembering things that happened recently or the names of people they know. Over time, these symptoms get worse. They may not be able to remember family members or have trouble speaking, reading or writing. As the disease progresses, they may become anxious or aggressive or wander away from home.
Many Alzheimer’s patients live with a family member until the disease progresses to where the family member is not able to take care of them anymore. This causes great stress to family members.
There is no cure for Alzheimer’s but there are drugs that can slow the progression of symptoms for a time.
Alzheimer’s disease usually begins after the age of 60. The risk increases as you get older. The risk is also higher if a family member has the disease.
Today, the only definitive way to diagnose Alzheimer's disease is to find out whether plaques and tangles co-exist in brain tissue. There is no 100% accurate way to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease. The only way to confirm diagnosis is to examine the brain after the person dies. However, skilled clinicians have a 90% accuracy rate in diagnosing the disease.
Doctors use several tools to diagnose Alzheimer's disease.
1. a complete medical history with questions about the person's general health, past medical problems, family health, and any difficulties carrying out daily activities
2. medical tests, such as tests of blood, urine or spinal fluid
3. tests to measure memory, problem solving, attention, counting, and language skills
4. brain scans that allow the doctor to look at a picture of the brain to see if anything does not look normal
These tests can help rule out other possible causes of symptoms.
Once Alzheimer’s is diagnosed, doctors have four drugs available to treat symptoms. For people with mild or moderate Alzheimer's, donepezil (Aricept®), rivastigmine (Exelon®), or galantamine (Razadyne®) may help prevent some symptoms from becoming worse for a limited time. Donepezil is also approved for symptoms of moderate to severe Alzheimer's. Another drug, memantine (Namenda®), is used to treat symptoms of moderate to severe Alzheimer's, although it is also limited in its effects.
For more complete information on Alzheimer’s disease, visit the National Institute on Aging Alzheimer’s web site at http://nihseniorhealth.gov/alzheimersdisease/toc.html
MedlinePlus also has a great page that contains links to information on symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and all kinds of other helpful resources.
Thursday, June 17, 2010
Protect Your Health as You Grow Older
Here is some great information for seniors from healthfinder.gov. Check out the links below for more detailed information.
The Basics
Poor health and getting older don’t have to go together. To stay healthy as you age:
Eat healthy.
Keep your mind and body active.
Get regular checkups.
Take steps to prevent accidents.
Live longer and better.
Staying active can help you:
Reduce your risk for diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and cancer
Avoid falls and other injuries
Live on your own longer
Prevent depression
Plus, staying active may help keep your mind sharp.
Take Action!
Remember, it’s never too late to make healthy changes in your life.
Eat healthy.
As you get older, you may not be able to eat all the foods you used to eat. But eating healthy meals is still important, no matter what your age.
Here are some tips:
Choose lots of fruits and vegetables in different colors.
Make sure most of your grains are whole grains.
Drink low–fat or fat–free milk.
Choose lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts.
Stay away from trans and saturated fats, cholesterol, sodium (salt), and added sugar.
Check out these healthy eating tips for older adults (http://www.win.niddk.nih.gov/publications/young_heart.htm#tips).
Get active.
Staying active is one of the best things you can do for your health. Aim for 2 hours and 30 minutes a week of moderate aerobic activity, like walking or raking leaves.
Do aerobic activity for at least 10 minutes at a time. If it's hard for you to be active for more than 10 minutes at once, get your activity in 10–minute periods throughout the day.
Do strengthening and balance activities 2 days a week. Try these strength and balance exercises for seniors (http://nihseniorhealth.gov/exerciseforolderadults/exercisestotry/01.html).
If you have a health condition, be as active as you can be. Your doctor can help you choose the best activities for you.
Follow these safety tips during physical activity (http://www.win.niddk.nih.gov/publications/young_heart.htm#safephysical).
Keep your mind active by reading, doing crossword puzzles, or learning new things.
If you smoke, quit.
Your risk of heart disease will start to go down right away. Call 1–800–QUIT–NOW (1–800–784–8669) for free support and to set up your quit plan.
Get regular checkups.
Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you have questions or problems with your medicines.
If you think you might be depressed, tell your doctor. Depression can be treated and is nothing to be ashamed of. Learn more about depression and older adults (http://nihseniorhealth.gov/depression/aboutdepression/01.html).
Schedule important screening tests. Print out one of these checklists to show your doctor.
Stay Healthy at Age 50+: Checklist for Women [PDF – 100 KB] (http://www.ahrq.gov/ppip/women50.pdf)
Stay Healthy at Age 50+: Checklist for Men [PDF – 100 KB] (http://www.ahrq.gov/ppip/men50.pdf)
Stay safe at home and in the car. Older adults are at greater risk for injuries from falls, home fires, and car crashes.
Take steps to prevent falls.
Do these 4 things to prevent falls:
Exercise to improve your strength and balance.
Ask your doctor to review your medicines. Some medicines can make you dizzy.
Have your vision checked.
Use this home fall prevention checklist (http://www.cdc.gov/HomeandRecreationalSafety/Falls/CheckListForSafety.html) to find and fix dangers in your home.
Put smoke alarms on every floor of your home.
Put smoke alarms on the ceiling just outside each bedroom.
Don't forget to put a smoke alarm in the basement.
Check smoke alarms once a month to make sure they are working.
Change the batteries every year. (Tip: Change smoke alarm batteries when you change your clock back from Daylight Savings Time in the fall.)
Get more tips on smoke alarms (http://www.usfa.dhs.gov/campaigns/50plus/smokealarms.shtm).
Watch for changes that may affect your driving.
Getting older doesn’t make you a bad driver. But changes that come with aging can make it harder for you to drive safely. You may have trouble seeing at night or find it harder to react quickly to avoid an accident.
Take these steps to stay safe:
Get your vision and hearing checked.
Always wear your seat belt.
Drive on streets you know.
Learn more about how you can stay safe behind the wheel (http://www.nia.nih.gov/HealthInformation/Publications/drivers.htm).
Learn more about depression and using medicines safely.
Start Today: Small Steps
If you are planning a trip out of the country, get tips for safe travel (http://travel.state.gov/travel/tips/tips_1232.html#older_americans).
Check out these fire safety tips for older adults (http://www.firesafety.gov/citizens/firesafety/older.shtm).
Make an appointment to get your hearing checked.
Note: Documents in PDF format require the Adobe Acrobat Reader®.If you experience problems with PDF documents, please download the latest version of the Reader®.
Content last updated on: June 09, 2010
National Health Information Center
P.O. Box 1133, Washington, DC 20013-1133
healthfinder@nhic.org
The Basics
Poor health and getting older don’t have to go together. To stay healthy as you age:
Eat healthy.
Keep your mind and body active.
Get regular checkups.
Take steps to prevent accidents.
Live longer and better.
Staying active can help you:
Reduce your risk for diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and cancer
Avoid falls and other injuries
Live on your own longer
Prevent depression
Plus, staying active may help keep your mind sharp.
Take Action!
Remember, it’s never too late to make healthy changes in your life.
Eat healthy.
As you get older, you may not be able to eat all the foods you used to eat. But eating healthy meals is still important, no matter what your age.
Here are some tips:
Choose lots of fruits and vegetables in different colors.
Make sure most of your grains are whole grains.
Drink low–fat or fat–free milk.
Choose lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts.
Stay away from trans and saturated fats, cholesterol, sodium (salt), and added sugar.
Check out these healthy eating tips for older adults (http://www.win.niddk.nih.gov/publications/young_heart.htm#tips).
Get active.
Staying active is one of the best things you can do for your health. Aim for 2 hours and 30 minutes a week of moderate aerobic activity, like walking or raking leaves.
Do aerobic activity for at least 10 minutes at a time. If it's hard for you to be active for more than 10 minutes at once, get your activity in 10–minute periods throughout the day.
Do strengthening and balance activities 2 days a week. Try these strength and balance exercises for seniors (http://nihseniorhealth.gov/exerciseforolderadults/exercisestotry/01.html).
If you have a health condition, be as active as you can be. Your doctor can help you choose the best activities for you.
Follow these safety tips during physical activity (http://www.win.niddk.nih.gov/publications/young_heart.htm#safephysical).
Keep your mind active by reading, doing crossword puzzles, or learning new things.
If you smoke, quit.
Your risk of heart disease will start to go down right away. Call 1–800–QUIT–NOW (1–800–784–8669) for free support and to set up your quit plan.
Get regular checkups.
Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you have questions or problems with your medicines.
If you think you might be depressed, tell your doctor. Depression can be treated and is nothing to be ashamed of. Learn more about depression and older adults (http://nihseniorhealth.gov/depression/aboutdepression/01.html).
Schedule important screening tests. Print out one of these checklists to show your doctor.
Stay Healthy at Age 50+: Checklist for Women [PDF – 100 KB] (http://www.ahrq.gov/ppip/women50.pdf)
Stay Healthy at Age 50+: Checklist for Men [PDF – 100 KB] (http://www.ahrq.gov/ppip/men50.pdf)
Stay safe at home and in the car. Older adults are at greater risk for injuries from falls, home fires, and car crashes.
Take steps to prevent falls.
Do these 4 things to prevent falls:
Exercise to improve your strength and balance.
Ask your doctor to review your medicines. Some medicines can make you dizzy.
Have your vision checked.
Use this home fall prevention checklist (http://www.cdc.gov/HomeandRecreationalSafety/Falls/CheckListForSafety.html) to find and fix dangers in your home.
Put smoke alarms on every floor of your home.
Put smoke alarms on the ceiling just outside each bedroom.
Don't forget to put a smoke alarm in the basement.
Check smoke alarms once a month to make sure they are working.
Change the batteries every year. (Tip: Change smoke alarm batteries when you change your clock back from Daylight Savings Time in the fall.)
Get more tips on smoke alarms (http://www.usfa.dhs.gov/campaigns/50plus/smokealarms.shtm).
Watch for changes that may affect your driving.
Getting older doesn’t make you a bad driver. But changes that come with aging can make it harder for you to drive safely. You may have trouble seeing at night or find it harder to react quickly to avoid an accident.
Take these steps to stay safe:
Get your vision and hearing checked.
Always wear your seat belt.
Drive on streets you know.
Learn more about how you can stay safe behind the wheel (http://www.nia.nih.gov/HealthInformation/Publications/drivers.htm).
Learn more about depression and using medicines safely.
Start Today: Small Steps
If you are planning a trip out of the country, get tips for safe travel (http://travel.state.gov/travel/tips/tips_1232.html#older_americans).
Check out these fire safety tips for older adults (http://www.firesafety.gov/citizens/firesafety/older.shtm).
Make an appointment to get your hearing checked.
Note: Documents in PDF format require the Adobe Acrobat Reader®.If you experience problems with PDF documents, please download the latest version of the Reader®.
Content last updated on: June 09, 2010
National Health Information Center
P.O. Box 1133, Washington, DC 20013-1133
healthfinder@nhic.org
Wednesday, June 16, 2010
A good booklet on Allergies
Millions of people suffer from allergies and will try anything for some relief. There are many different kinds of allergies and different kinds of treatments available. I found a great booklet from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases that covers Pollen, Mold, Dust Mite, Animal, Chemical Sensitivity and provides information on Symptoms, Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment. The booklet is available in PDF form at: http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/allergicdiseases/documents/airborne_allergens.pdf
MedlinePlus has some great links to information on all forms and aspects of allergies. Here is the link to that information: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/allergy.html.
MedlinePlus has some great links to information on all forms and aspects of allergies. Here is the link to that information: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/allergy.html.
Tuesday, June 15, 2010
Teen Substance Abuse Awareness
From the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration:
Teens Use Household Items to Conceal Drugs
Teens are using common household items to hide drugs, transport them to school, and in some cases, buy and sell prescription medications. Among the items being used to conceal drugs are soda cans, potato chip containers, lipstick, and even books. The alarming trend is causing great concern among parents and law enforcement. Ava Cooper-Davis, the Special Agent in Charge of the Washington Division of DEA, demonstrated how common objects can be transformed into drug carriers. DEA is especially concerned about the growing threat of prescription drugs. In most households, prescriptions are stored in unlocked, easily accessible medicine cabinets. That has given way to “pharm” parties, where teens dump random pills in a bowl at the door, to be shared later on. "Everyone takes a pill," said Cooper-Davis. "Now you have no idea what pill you're taking. On top of it, alcohol is being taken in combination with that and kids are going to bed and never waking up." Just as alarming: two in five teens believe there is nothing wrong with taking prescription drugs, because they are prescribed by a doctor, even if they are intended for someone else.
What Kinds of Things Are Paraphernalia?
Drug paraphernalia typically used to smoke marijuana, crack, cocaine and methamphetamine like pipes and bongs are easily identifiable drug paraphernalia. Syringes are also widely known to be used to inject a wide variety of drugs such as heroin, methamphetamine, ketamine and steroids. These forms of drug paraphernalia are often marketed specifically to youth—with colorful logos, celebrity pictures and designs like smiley faces on the products, the items are meant to look harmless and minimize the dangers of taking controlled substances.
Drug paraphernalia, like magic markers, can conceal pipes, and small, hand-painted blown glass items look more like pretty trinkets than pipes or stash containers. Parents need to be aware that these kinds of products often conceal drug use. Identifying drug paraphernalia can be extremely challenging because they are ordinary items, or things that are disguised to resemble ordinary items.
For example, a soda can, lipstick dispenser, felt tip marker or a pager – all normal things that you may find in your child’s room -- could be used as paraphernalia to hide or use drugs. The soda can could have a false bottom to hide drugs; the lipstick dispenser could hide a drug pipe; the felt tip marker might be an internal drug pipe; and the pager could be hollowed out to conceal drugs.
Other items that can be used to conceal drugs include:
Plastic baggies
Small paper bags
Make-up kits
Change bottles
Plastic film canisters
Cigarette packs
Small glass vials
Pill bottles
Breath mint containers
Inside candy or gum wrappers
Here are examples of paraphernalia that are associated with using specific drugs.
Ecstasy paraphernalia includes:
Pacifiers and lollipops are often used to help Ecstasy users guard against the teeth grinding that comes from involuntary jaw clenching.
Candy necklaces are sometimes used to hide Ecstasy pills (bags of small candies also are good for this purpose).
Glow sticks, mentholated rub and surgical masks are often used by kids on Ecstasy to overstimulate their senses.
Water bottles are used to bring alcohol to parties or to transport liquid drugs, such as GHB.
Cocaine paraphernalia includes:
Pipes to smoke crack
Small mirrors and short plastic straws or rolled-up paper tubes
Razor blades
Small spoons (coke spoons)
Lighters
Marijuana paraphernalia includes:
Rolling papers
Cigars to make a “blunt”
Small plastic baggies and “stash cans”
Deodorizers, incense, room deodorizers used to disguise the smell of marijuana
Pipes (metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, or ceramic)
Bongs
Roach clips
Inhalant paraphernalia includes:
Rags used for sniffing
Empty spray cans
Tubes of glue
Plastic bags
Balloons
Nozzles
Bottles or cans with hardened glue, sprays, paint or chemical odors inside of them
Be on the lookout for common products that are out of place in your home, including items used to cover up drug use:
Mouth washes, breathe sprays and mints are used to cover alcohol or drug odors.
Eye drops are used to conceal bloodshot eyes, and can occasionally be used to deliver acid or other drugs.
Sunglasses worn at seemingly inappropriate times may cover up “red eyes” from smoking drugs, or changes in pupil size or eye movements related to drug use.
Paraphernalia, clothing, jewelry, temporary or permanent tattoos, teen jargon, publications and other displays may reflect messages associated with the “drug culture” and be designed to openly flaunt drug culture involvement or identify drug culture involvement to “insiders.”
Teens Use Household Items to Conceal Drugs
Teens are using common household items to hide drugs, transport them to school, and in some cases, buy and sell prescription medications. Among the items being used to conceal drugs are soda cans, potato chip containers, lipstick, and even books. The alarming trend is causing great concern among parents and law enforcement. Ava Cooper-Davis, the Special Agent in Charge of the Washington Division of DEA, demonstrated how common objects can be transformed into drug carriers. DEA is especially concerned about the growing threat of prescription drugs. In most households, prescriptions are stored in unlocked, easily accessible medicine cabinets. That has given way to “pharm” parties, where teens dump random pills in a bowl at the door, to be shared later on. "Everyone takes a pill," said Cooper-Davis. "Now you have no idea what pill you're taking. On top of it, alcohol is being taken in combination with that and kids are going to bed and never waking up." Just as alarming: two in five teens believe there is nothing wrong with taking prescription drugs, because they are prescribed by a doctor, even if they are intended for someone else.
What Kinds of Things Are Paraphernalia?
Drug paraphernalia typically used to smoke marijuana, crack, cocaine and methamphetamine like pipes and bongs are easily identifiable drug paraphernalia. Syringes are also widely known to be used to inject a wide variety of drugs such as heroin, methamphetamine, ketamine and steroids. These forms of drug paraphernalia are often marketed specifically to youth—with colorful logos, celebrity pictures and designs like smiley faces on the products, the items are meant to look harmless and minimize the dangers of taking controlled substances.
Drug paraphernalia, like magic markers, can conceal pipes, and small, hand-painted blown glass items look more like pretty trinkets than pipes or stash containers. Parents need to be aware that these kinds of products often conceal drug use. Identifying drug paraphernalia can be extremely challenging because they are ordinary items, or things that are disguised to resemble ordinary items.
For example, a soda can, lipstick dispenser, felt tip marker or a pager – all normal things that you may find in your child’s room -- could be used as paraphernalia to hide or use drugs. The soda can could have a false bottom to hide drugs; the lipstick dispenser could hide a drug pipe; the felt tip marker might be an internal drug pipe; and the pager could be hollowed out to conceal drugs.
Other items that can be used to conceal drugs include:
Plastic baggies
Small paper bags
Make-up kits
Change bottles
Plastic film canisters
Cigarette packs
Small glass vials
Pill bottles
Breath mint containers
Inside candy or gum wrappers
Here are examples of paraphernalia that are associated with using specific drugs.
Ecstasy paraphernalia includes:
Pacifiers and lollipops are often used to help Ecstasy users guard against the teeth grinding that comes from involuntary jaw clenching.
Candy necklaces are sometimes used to hide Ecstasy pills (bags of small candies also are good for this purpose).
Glow sticks, mentholated rub and surgical masks are often used by kids on Ecstasy to overstimulate their senses.
Water bottles are used to bring alcohol to parties or to transport liquid drugs, such as GHB.
Cocaine paraphernalia includes:
Pipes to smoke crack
Small mirrors and short plastic straws or rolled-up paper tubes
Razor blades
Small spoons (coke spoons)
Lighters
Marijuana paraphernalia includes:
Rolling papers
Cigars to make a “blunt”
Small plastic baggies and “stash cans”
Deodorizers, incense, room deodorizers used to disguise the smell of marijuana
Pipes (metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, or ceramic)
Bongs
Roach clips
Inhalant paraphernalia includes:
Rags used for sniffing
Empty spray cans
Tubes of glue
Plastic bags
Balloons
Nozzles
Bottles or cans with hardened glue, sprays, paint or chemical odors inside of them
Be on the lookout for common products that are out of place in your home, including items used to cover up drug use:
Mouth washes, breathe sprays and mints are used to cover alcohol or drug odors.
Eye drops are used to conceal bloodshot eyes, and can occasionally be used to deliver acid or other drugs.
Sunglasses worn at seemingly inappropriate times may cover up “red eyes” from smoking drugs, or changes in pupil size or eye movements related to drug use.
Paraphernalia, clothing, jewelry, temporary or permanent tattoos, teen jargon, publications and other displays may reflect messages associated with the “drug culture” and be designed to openly flaunt drug culture involvement or identify drug culture involvement to “insiders.”
Monday, June 14, 2010
Beach Safety Tips: Rip Currents
With so many people heading to the beach at some point during the summer, I thought I'd share this information from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration about rip currents and what to do if you're caught in one.
Rip currents are powerful, channeled currents of water flowing away from shore. They typically extend from the shoreline, through the surf zone, and past the line of breaking waves. Rip currents can occur at any beach with breaking waves, including the Great Lakes.
Rip currents can be killers. The United States Lifesaving Association estimates that the annual number of deaths due to rip currents on our nation's beaches exceeds 100. Rip currents account for over 80% of rescues performed by surf beach lifeguards.
The greatest safety precaution that can be taken is to recognize the danger of rip currents and always remember to swim at beaches with lifeguards. The United States Lifesaving Association has calculated the chance that a person will drown while attending a beach protected by USLA affiliated lifeguards at 1 in 18 million. If caught in a rip current at an unguarded beach, how you respond could make the difference between life and death.
RIP CURRENT SAFETY TIPS
Learn how to swim!When at the beach:
1. Whenever possible, swim at a lifeguard-protected beach.
2. Never swim alone.
3. Learn how to swim in the surf. It's not the same as swimming in a pool or lake.
4. Be cautious at all times, especially when swimming at unguarded beaches. If in doubt, don’t go out.
5. Obey all instructions and orders from lifeguards. Lifeguards are trained to identify potential hazards. Ask a lifeguard about the conditions before entering the water. This is part of their job.
6. Stay at least 100 feet away from piers and jetties. Permanent rip currents often exist along side these structures.
7. Consider using polarized sunglasses when at the beach. They will help you to spot signatures of rip currents by cutting down glare and reflected sunlight off the ocean’s surface.
8. Pay especially close attention to children and elderly when at the beach. Even in shallow water, wave action can cause loss of footing.
If caught in a rip current:
1. Remain calm to conserve energy and think clearly.
2. Never fight against the current.
3. Think of it like a treadmill that cannot be turned off, which you need to step to the side of.
4. Swim out of the current in a direction following the shoreline. When out of the current, swim at an angle--away from the current--towards shore.
5. If you are unable to swim out of the rip current, float or calmly tread water. When out of the current, swim towards shore.
6. If you are still unable to reach shore, draw attention to yourself by waving your arm and yelling for help.
If you see someone in trouble, don't become a victim too:
1. Get help from a lifeguard.
2. If a lifeguard is not available, have someone call 9-1-1.
3. Throw the rip current victim something that floats--a lifejacket, a cooler, an inflatable ball.
4. Yell instructions on how to escape.
5. Remember, many people drown while trying to save someone else from a rip current.
Rip Currents:
Break The Grip of The Rip!®
from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Rip currents are powerful, channeled currents of water flowing away from shore. They typically extend from the shoreline, through the surf zone, and past the line of breaking waves. Rip currents can occur at any beach with breaking waves, including the Great Lakes.
Rip currents can be killers. The United States Lifesaving Association estimates that the annual number of deaths due to rip currents on our nation's beaches exceeds 100. Rip currents account for over 80% of rescues performed by surf beach lifeguards.
The greatest safety precaution that can be taken is to recognize the danger of rip currents and always remember to swim at beaches with lifeguards. The United States Lifesaving Association has calculated the chance that a person will drown while attending a beach protected by USLA affiliated lifeguards at 1 in 18 million. If caught in a rip current at an unguarded beach, how you respond could make the difference between life and death.
RIP CURRENT SAFETY TIPS
Learn how to swim!When at the beach:
1. Whenever possible, swim at a lifeguard-protected beach.
2. Never swim alone.
3. Learn how to swim in the surf. It's not the same as swimming in a pool or lake.
4. Be cautious at all times, especially when swimming at unguarded beaches. If in doubt, don’t go out.
5. Obey all instructions and orders from lifeguards. Lifeguards are trained to identify potential hazards. Ask a lifeguard about the conditions before entering the water. This is part of their job.
6. Stay at least 100 feet away from piers and jetties. Permanent rip currents often exist along side these structures.
7. Consider using polarized sunglasses when at the beach. They will help you to spot signatures of rip currents by cutting down glare and reflected sunlight off the ocean’s surface.
8. Pay especially close attention to children and elderly when at the beach. Even in shallow water, wave action can cause loss of footing.
If caught in a rip current:
1. Remain calm to conserve energy and think clearly.
2. Never fight against the current.
3. Think of it like a treadmill that cannot be turned off, which you need to step to the side of.
4. Swim out of the current in a direction following the shoreline. When out of the current, swim at an angle--away from the current--towards shore.
5. If you are unable to swim out of the rip current, float or calmly tread water. When out of the current, swim towards shore.
6. If you are still unable to reach shore, draw attention to yourself by waving your arm and yelling for help.
If you see someone in trouble, don't become a victim too:
1. Get help from a lifeguard.
2. If a lifeguard is not available, have someone call 9-1-1.
3. Throw the rip current victim something that floats--a lifejacket, a cooler, an inflatable ball.
4. Yell instructions on how to escape.
5. Remember, many people drown while trying to save someone else from a rip current.
Sunday, June 13, 2010
Summer Safety Tips Part II
Keep your family safe this summer by following these tips from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
FIREWORKS SAFETY
Source: http://www.aap.org/healthtopics/safety.cfm
1. Fireworks can result in severe burns, scars and disfigurement that can last a lifetime.
2. Fireworks that are often thought to be safe, such as sparklers, can reach temperatures above 1000 degrees Fahrenheit, and can burn users and bystanders.
3. Families should attend community fireworks displays run by professionals rather than using fireworks at home.
4. The AAP recommends prohibiting public sale of all fireworks, including those by mail or the Internet.
BOATING SAFETY
Source: http://www.aap.org/family/tippslip.htm
1. Children should wear life jackets at all times when on boats or near bodies of water.
2. Make sure the life jacket is the right size for your child. The jacket should not be loose. It should always be worn as instructed with all straps belted.
3. Blow-up water wings, toys, rafts and air mattresses should not be used as life jackets or life preservers.
4. Adults should wear life jackets for their own protection, and to set a good example.
5. Adolescents and adults should be warned of the dangers of boating when under the influence of alcohol, drugs, and even some prescription medications.
Open water swimming
1. Never swim alone. Even good swimmers need buddies!
2. A lifeguard (or another adult who knows about water rescue) needs to be watching children whenever they are in or near the water. Younger children should be closely supervised while in or near the water – use “touch supervision,” keeping no more than an arm’s length away.
3. Make sure your child knows never to dive into water except when permitted by an adult who knows the depth of the water and who has checked for underwater objects.
4. Never let your child swim in canals or any fast moving water.
5. Ocean swimming should only be allowed when a lifeguard is on duty.
ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLES
Source: http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/pediatrics;105/6/1352
1. Children who are not licensed to drive a car should not be allowed to operate off-road vehicles. 2. Because their nervous systems and judgment have not fully developed, off-road vehicles are particularly dangerous for children younger than 16 years.
3. Don’t ride double. Passengers are frequently injured when riding ATV’s.
4. All riders should wear helmets, eye protection and protective reflective clothing. Appropriate helmets are those designed for motorcycle (not bicycle) use, and should include safety visors/face shields for eye protection.
5. ATVs lack the common safety equipment found on all cars and trucks that are designed for street use. Parents should never permit nighttime riding or street use of off-road vehicles.
6. Flags, reflectors and lights should be used to make vehicles more visible.
7. Drivers of recreational vehicles should not drive while under the influence of alcohol, drugs or even some prescription medicines. Parents should set an example for their children in this regard.
8. Young drivers should be discouraged from on-road riding of any 2-wheeled motorized cycle, even when they are able to be licensed to do so, because they are inherently more dangerous than passenger cars.
© American Academy of Pediatrics, June 2009 Please feel free to use them in any print or broadcast story, with appropriate attribution of source.
FIREWORKS SAFETY
Source: http://www.aap.org/healthtopics/safety.cfm
1. Fireworks can result in severe burns, scars and disfigurement that can last a lifetime.
2. Fireworks that are often thought to be safe, such as sparklers, can reach temperatures above 1000 degrees Fahrenheit, and can burn users and bystanders.
3. Families should attend community fireworks displays run by professionals rather than using fireworks at home.
4. The AAP recommends prohibiting public sale of all fireworks, including those by mail or the Internet.
BOATING SAFETY
Source: http://www.aap.org/family/tippslip.htm
1. Children should wear life jackets at all times when on boats or near bodies of water.
2. Make sure the life jacket is the right size for your child. The jacket should not be loose. It should always be worn as instructed with all straps belted.
3. Blow-up water wings, toys, rafts and air mattresses should not be used as life jackets or life preservers.
4. Adults should wear life jackets for their own protection, and to set a good example.
5. Adolescents and adults should be warned of the dangers of boating when under the influence of alcohol, drugs, and even some prescription medications.
Open water swimming
1. Never swim alone. Even good swimmers need buddies!
2. A lifeguard (or another adult who knows about water rescue) needs to be watching children whenever they are in or near the water. Younger children should be closely supervised while in or near the water – use “touch supervision,” keeping no more than an arm’s length away.
3. Make sure your child knows never to dive into water except when permitted by an adult who knows the depth of the water and who has checked for underwater objects.
4. Never let your child swim in canals or any fast moving water.
5. Ocean swimming should only be allowed when a lifeguard is on duty.
ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLES
Source: http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/pediatrics;105/6/1352
1. Children who are not licensed to drive a car should not be allowed to operate off-road vehicles. 2. Because their nervous systems and judgment have not fully developed, off-road vehicles are particularly dangerous for children younger than 16 years.
3. Don’t ride double. Passengers are frequently injured when riding ATV’s.
4. All riders should wear helmets, eye protection and protective reflective clothing. Appropriate helmets are those designed for motorcycle (not bicycle) use, and should include safety visors/face shields for eye protection.
5. ATVs lack the common safety equipment found on all cars and trucks that are designed for street use. Parents should never permit nighttime riding or street use of off-road vehicles.
6. Flags, reflectors and lights should be used to make vehicles more visible.
7. Drivers of recreational vehicles should not drive while under the influence of alcohol, drugs or even some prescription medicines. Parents should set an example for their children in this regard.
8. Young drivers should be discouraged from on-road riding of any 2-wheeled motorized cycle, even when they are able to be licensed to do so, because they are inherently more dangerous than passenger cars.
© American Academy of Pediatrics, June 2009 Please feel free to use them in any print or broadcast story, with appropriate attribution of source.
Saturday, June 12, 2010
Summer Safety Tips
SUMMER SAFETY TIPS - PART I
Keep your family safe this summer by following these tips from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
FUN IN THE SUN
Source: http://www.healthychildren.org/English/news/Pages/Summer-Safety-Tips-Sun-and-Water-Safety.aspx
Babies under 6 months:
The two main recommendations from the AAP to prevent sunburn are to avoid sun exposure, and dress infants in lightweight long pants, long-sleeved shirts, and brimmed hats that shade the neck to prevent sunburn. However when adequate clothing and shade are not available, parents can apply a minimal amount of suncreen with at least 15 SPF (sun protection factor) to small areas, such as the infant's face and the back of the hands. If an infant gets sunburn, apply cold compresses to the affected area.
For All Other Children:
1. The first, and best, line of defense against the sun is covering up. Wear a hat with a three-inch brim or a bill facing forward, sunglasses (look for sunglasses that block 99-100% of ultraviolet rays), and cotton clothing with a tight weave.
2. Stay in the shade whenever possible, and limit sun exposure during the peak intensity hours - between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
3. On both sunny and cloudy days use a sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or greater that protects against UVB and UVA rays.
4. Be sure to apply enough sunscreen - about one ounce per sitting for a young adult.
5. Reapply sunscreen every two hours, or after swimming or sweating.
6. Use extra caution near water and sand (and even snow!) as they reflect UV rays and may result in sunburn more quickly.
HEAT STRESS IN EXERCISING CHILDREN
1. The intensity of activities that last 15 minutes or more should be reduced whenever high heat and humidity reach critical levels.
2. At the beginning of a strenuous exercise program or after traveling to a warmer climate, the intensity and duration of exercise should be limited initially and then gradually increased during a period of 10 to 14 days to accomplish acclimatization to the heat.
3. Before prolonged physical activity, the child should be well-hydrated. During the activity, periodic drinking should be enforced, for example, each 20 minutes, 5 oz of cold tap water or a flavored sports drink for a child weighing 90 lbs, and 9 oz for an adolescent weighing 130 lbs, even if the child does not feel thirsty.
4. Clothing should be light-colored and lightweight and limited to one layer of absorbent material to facilitate evaporation of sweat. Sweat-saturated shirts should be replaced by dry clothing.
5. Practices and games played in the heat should be shortened and more frequent water/hydration breaks should be instituted.
POOL SAFETY
1. Install a fence at least four-feet high around all four sides of the pool. The fence should not have openings or protrusions that a young child could use to get over, under, or through.
2. Make sure pool gates open out from the pool, and self-close and self-latch at a height children can't reach.
3. If the house serves as the fourth side of a fence surrounding a pool, install an alarm on the exit door to the yard and the pool.
4. Never leave children alone in or near the pool or spa, even for a moment.
5. Keep rescue equipment (a shepherd's hook - a long pole with a hook on the end - and life preserver) and a portable telephone near the pool. Choose a shepherd’s hook and other rescue equipment made of fiberglass or other materials that do not conduct electricity.
6. Avoid inflatable swimming aids such as "floaties." They are not a substitute for approved life vests and can give children a false sense of security.
7. Children age 4 and older should be taught to swim. Parents may choose to start swimming lessons before age 4 if their children are developmentally ready, but swim programs should never be seen as “drown proofing” a child of any age.
8. Whenever infants or toddlers are in or around water, an adult should be within arm's length, providing "touch supervision."
9. Avoid Entrapment: Suction from pool and spa drains can trap an adult underwater. Do not use a pool or spa if there are broken or missing drain covers. Ask your pool operator if your pool or spa’s drains are compliant with the Pool and Spa Safety Act.
10. Large inflatable above-ground pools have become increasingly popular for backyard use. Children may fall in if they lean against the soft side of an inflatable pool. Although such pools are often exempt from local pool fencing requirements, it is essential that they be surrounded by an appropriate fence just as a permanent pool would be so that children cannot gain unsupervised access.
BUG SAFETY
1. Don't use scented soaps, perfumes or hair sprays on your child.
2. Avoid areas where insects nest or congregate, such as stagnant pools of water, uncovered foods and gardens where flowers are in bloom.
3. Avoid dressing your child in clothing with bright colors or flowery prints.
4. To remove a visible stinger from skin, gently back it out by scraping it off horizontally with a credit card or your fingernail.
5. Combination sunscreen/insect repellent products should be avoided because sunscreen needs to be reapplied every two hours, but the insect repellent should not be reapplied.
6. Use insect repellents containing DEET when need to prevent insect related diseases such as ticks which can transmit Lyme Disease, and mosquitoes which can transmit West Nile Virus and other viruses.
7. The current CDC and AAP recommendation for children over 2 months of age is to use 10- 30 percent DEET. DEET should not be used on children under 2 months of age.
8. The effectiveness is similar for 10-30% DEET but the duration of effect varies. Ten percent DEET provides protection for about 2 hours – 30% for about 5 hours – choose the lowest concentration that will provide required length of coverage.
9. The concentration of DEET varies significantly from product to product, so read the label of any product you purchase. Children should wash off repellents when back indoors.
10. As an alternative to DEET, Picaridin has become available in the U.S. in concentrations of 5-10%.
For more information on DEET: http://www.aapnews.org/cgi/content/full/e200399v1
PLAYGROUND SAFETY
1. The playground should have safety-tested mats or loose-fill materials (shredded rubber, sand, wood chips, or bark) maintained to a depth of at least 9 inches. The protective surface should be installed at least 6 feet (more for swings and slides) in all directions from the equipment.
2. Equipment should be carefully maintained. Open “s” hooks or protruding bolt ends can be hazardous.
3. Swing seats should be made of soft materials such as rubber, plastic or canvas.
4. Make sure children cannot reach any moving parts that might pinch or trap any body part.
5. Never attach—or allow children to attach—ropes, jump ropes, leashes, or similar items to play equipment; children can strangle on these.
6. Make sure metal slides are cool to prevent children's legs from getting burned.
7. Do not allow children to play barefoot on the playground.
8. Parents should never purchase a home trampoline or allow children to use home trampolines.
9. Parents should supervise children on play equipment to make sure they are safe.
BICYCLE SAFETY
Source: http://www.aap.org/family/bicycle.htm
Source: http://www.aap.org/family/tbikmyth.htm
1. Do not push your child to ride a 2-wheeled bike until he or she is ready, at about age 5 or 6. Consider the child's coordination and desire to learn to ride. Stick with coaster (foot) brakes until your child is older and more experienced for hand brakes.
2. Take your child with you when you shop for the bike, so that he or she can try it out. The value of a properly fitting bike far outweighs the value of surprising your child with a new one. For more information on finding the proper fit, go to http://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Bicycle-Helmets-What-Every-Parent-Should-Know.aspx
3. Buy a bike that is the right size, not one your child has to "grow into." Oversized bikes are especially dangerous.
4. Your child needs to wear a helmet on every bike ride, no matter how short or how close to home. Many accidents happen in driveways, on sidewalks, and on bike paths, not just on streets. Children learn best by observing you. Set the example: Whenever you ride, put on your helmet.
5. When purchasing a helmet, look for a label or sticker that says the helmet meets the CPSC safety standard.
6. A helmet protects your child from serious injury, and should always be worn. And remember, wearing a helmet at all times helps children develop the helmet habit.
7. A helmet should be worn so that it is level on the head, not tipped forwards or backwards. The strap should be securely fastened, and you should not be able to move the helmet in any direction. If needed, the helmet’s sizing pads can help improve the fit.
SKATEBOARD, SCOOTER, IN-LINE SKATING AND HEELYS SAFETY
1. Children should never ride skateboards or scooters in or near traffic.
2. All skateboarders and scooter-riders should wear a helmet and other protective gear; wrist guards are particularly important.
3. Communities should continue to develop skateboard parks, which are more likely to be monitored for safety than ramps and jumps constructed by children at home.
4. While in-line skating or wearing Heelys, be sure to wear appropriate protective equipment and only skate on designated paths or rinks and not on the street.
LAWN MOWER SAFETYSource: http://www.healthychildren.org/english/safety-prevention/at-home/pages/Lawnmower-Safety.aspx
1. Try to use a mower with a control that stops the mower from moving forward if the handle is let go.
2. Children younger than 16 years should not be allowed to use ride-on mowers. Children younger than 12 years should not use walk-behind mowers.
3. Make sure that sturdy shoes (not sandals or sneakers) are worn while mowing.
4. Prevent injuries from flying objects, such as stones or toys, by picking up objects from the lawn before mowing begins. Have anyone who uses a mower wear hearing and eye protection.
5. Do not pull the mower backward or mow in reverse unless absolutely necessary, and carefully look for children behind you when you mow in reverse.
6. Always turn off the mower and wait for the blades to stop completely before removing the grass catcher, unclogging the discharge chute, or crossing gravel paths, roads, or other areas.
7. Do not allow children to ride as passengers on ride-on mowers.
Copyright © 2010 American Academy of Pediatrics. Please feel free to use tips in any print or broadcast story with appropriate attribution of source.
Keep your family safe this summer by following these tips from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
FUN IN THE SUN
Source: http://www.healthychildren.org/English/news/Pages/Summer-Safety-Tips-Sun-and-Water-Safety.aspx
Babies under 6 months:
The two main recommendations from the AAP to prevent sunburn are to avoid sun exposure, and dress infants in lightweight long pants, long-sleeved shirts, and brimmed hats that shade the neck to prevent sunburn. However when adequate clothing and shade are not available, parents can apply a minimal amount of suncreen with at least 15 SPF (sun protection factor) to small areas, such as the infant's face and the back of the hands. If an infant gets sunburn, apply cold compresses to the affected area.
For All Other Children:
1. The first, and best, line of defense against the sun is covering up. Wear a hat with a three-inch brim or a bill facing forward, sunglasses (look for sunglasses that block 99-100% of ultraviolet rays), and cotton clothing with a tight weave.
2. Stay in the shade whenever possible, and limit sun exposure during the peak intensity hours - between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
3. On both sunny and cloudy days use a sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or greater that protects against UVB and UVA rays.
4. Be sure to apply enough sunscreen - about one ounce per sitting for a young adult.
5. Reapply sunscreen every two hours, or after swimming or sweating.
6. Use extra caution near water and sand (and even snow!) as they reflect UV rays and may result in sunburn more quickly.
HEAT STRESS IN EXERCISING CHILDREN
1. The intensity of activities that last 15 minutes or more should be reduced whenever high heat and humidity reach critical levels.
2. At the beginning of a strenuous exercise program or after traveling to a warmer climate, the intensity and duration of exercise should be limited initially and then gradually increased during a period of 10 to 14 days to accomplish acclimatization to the heat.
3. Before prolonged physical activity, the child should be well-hydrated. During the activity, periodic drinking should be enforced, for example, each 20 minutes, 5 oz of cold tap water or a flavored sports drink for a child weighing 90 lbs, and 9 oz for an adolescent weighing 130 lbs, even if the child does not feel thirsty.
4. Clothing should be light-colored and lightweight and limited to one layer of absorbent material to facilitate evaporation of sweat. Sweat-saturated shirts should be replaced by dry clothing.
5. Practices and games played in the heat should be shortened and more frequent water/hydration breaks should be instituted.
POOL SAFETY
1. Install a fence at least four-feet high around all four sides of the pool. The fence should not have openings or protrusions that a young child could use to get over, under, or through.
2. Make sure pool gates open out from the pool, and self-close and self-latch at a height children can't reach.
3. If the house serves as the fourth side of a fence surrounding a pool, install an alarm on the exit door to the yard and the pool.
4. Never leave children alone in or near the pool or spa, even for a moment.
5. Keep rescue equipment (a shepherd's hook - a long pole with a hook on the end - and life preserver) and a portable telephone near the pool. Choose a shepherd’s hook and other rescue equipment made of fiberglass or other materials that do not conduct electricity.
6. Avoid inflatable swimming aids such as "floaties." They are not a substitute for approved life vests and can give children a false sense of security.
7. Children age 4 and older should be taught to swim. Parents may choose to start swimming lessons before age 4 if their children are developmentally ready, but swim programs should never be seen as “drown proofing” a child of any age.
8. Whenever infants or toddlers are in or around water, an adult should be within arm's length, providing "touch supervision."
9. Avoid Entrapment: Suction from pool and spa drains can trap an adult underwater. Do not use a pool or spa if there are broken or missing drain covers. Ask your pool operator if your pool or spa’s drains are compliant with the Pool and Spa Safety Act.
10. Large inflatable above-ground pools have become increasingly popular for backyard use. Children may fall in if they lean against the soft side of an inflatable pool. Although such pools are often exempt from local pool fencing requirements, it is essential that they be surrounded by an appropriate fence just as a permanent pool would be so that children cannot gain unsupervised access.
BUG SAFETY
1. Don't use scented soaps, perfumes or hair sprays on your child.
2. Avoid areas where insects nest or congregate, such as stagnant pools of water, uncovered foods and gardens where flowers are in bloom.
3. Avoid dressing your child in clothing with bright colors or flowery prints.
4. To remove a visible stinger from skin, gently back it out by scraping it off horizontally with a credit card or your fingernail.
5. Combination sunscreen/insect repellent products should be avoided because sunscreen needs to be reapplied every two hours, but the insect repellent should not be reapplied.
6. Use insect repellents containing DEET when need to prevent insect related diseases such as ticks which can transmit Lyme Disease, and mosquitoes which can transmit West Nile Virus and other viruses.
7. The current CDC and AAP recommendation for children over 2 months of age is to use 10- 30 percent DEET. DEET should not be used on children under 2 months of age.
8. The effectiveness is similar for 10-30% DEET but the duration of effect varies. Ten percent DEET provides protection for about 2 hours – 30% for about 5 hours – choose the lowest concentration that will provide required length of coverage.
9. The concentration of DEET varies significantly from product to product, so read the label of any product you purchase. Children should wash off repellents when back indoors.
10. As an alternative to DEET, Picaridin has become available in the U.S. in concentrations of 5-10%.
For more information on DEET: http://www.aapnews.org/cgi/content/full/e200399v1
PLAYGROUND SAFETY
1. The playground should have safety-tested mats or loose-fill materials (shredded rubber, sand, wood chips, or bark) maintained to a depth of at least 9 inches. The protective surface should be installed at least 6 feet (more for swings and slides) in all directions from the equipment.
2. Equipment should be carefully maintained. Open “s” hooks or protruding bolt ends can be hazardous.
3. Swing seats should be made of soft materials such as rubber, plastic or canvas.
4. Make sure children cannot reach any moving parts that might pinch or trap any body part.
5. Never attach—or allow children to attach—ropes, jump ropes, leashes, or similar items to play equipment; children can strangle on these.
6. Make sure metal slides are cool to prevent children's legs from getting burned.
7. Do not allow children to play barefoot on the playground.
8. Parents should never purchase a home trampoline or allow children to use home trampolines.
9. Parents should supervise children on play equipment to make sure they are safe.
BICYCLE SAFETY
Source: http://www.aap.org/family/bicycle.htm
Source: http://www.aap.org/family/tbikmyth.htm
1. Do not push your child to ride a 2-wheeled bike until he or she is ready, at about age 5 or 6. Consider the child's coordination and desire to learn to ride. Stick with coaster (foot) brakes until your child is older and more experienced for hand brakes.
2. Take your child with you when you shop for the bike, so that he or she can try it out. The value of a properly fitting bike far outweighs the value of surprising your child with a new one. For more information on finding the proper fit, go to http://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Bicycle-Helmets-What-Every-Parent-Should-Know.aspx
3. Buy a bike that is the right size, not one your child has to "grow into." Oversized bikes are especially dangerous.
4. Your child needs to wear a helmet on every bike ride, no matter how short or how close to home. Many accidents happen in driveways, on sidewalks, and on bike paths, not just on streets. Children learn best by observing you. Set the example: Whenever you ride, put on your helmet.
5. When purchasing a helmet, look for a label or sticker that says the helmet meets the CPSC safety standard.
6. A helmet protects your child from serious injury, and should always be worn. And remember, wearing a helmet at all times helps children develop the helmet habit.
7. A helmet should be worn so that it is level on the head, not tipped forwards or backwards. The strap should be securely fastened, and you should not be able to move the helmet in any direction. If needed, the helmet’s sizing pads can help improve the fit.
SKATEBOARD, SCOOTER, IN-LINE SKATING AND HEELYS SAFETY
1. Children should never ride skateboards or scooters in or near traffic.
2. All skateboarders and scooter-riders should wear a helmet and other protective gear; wrist guards are particularly important.
3. Communities should continue to develop skateboard parks, which are more likely to be monitored for safety than ramps and jumps constructed by children at home.
4. While in-line skating or wearing Heelys, be sure to wear appropriate protective equipment and only skate on designated paths or rinks and not on the street.
LAWN MOWER SAFETYSource: http://www.healthychildren.org/english/safety-prevention/at-home/pages/Lawnmower-Safety.aspx
1. Try to use a mower with a control that stops the mower from moving forward if the handle is let go.
2. Children younger than 16 years should not be allowed to use ride-on mowers. Children younger than 12 years should not use walk-behind mowers.
3. Make sure that sturdy shoes (not sandals or sneakers) are worn while mowing.
4. Prevent injuries from flying objects, such as stones or toys, by picking up objects from the lawn before mowing begins. Have anyone who uses a mower wear hearing and eye protection.
5. Do not pull the mower backward or mow in reverse unless absolutely necessary, and carefully look for children behind you when you mow in reverse.
6. Always turn off the mower and wait for the blades to stop completely before removing the grass catcher, unclogging the discharge chute, or crossing gravel paths, roads, or other areas.
7. Do not allow children to ride as passengers on ride-on mowers.
Copyright © 2010 American Academy of Pediatrics. Please feel free to use tips in any print or broadcast story with appropriate attribution of source.
Friday, June 11, 2010
Quitting Smoking Before Pregnancy Could Save Babies' Lives
Most everyone knows the dangers of smoking. Women smokers who are thinking about having children should pay special attention to this study:
THURSDAY, June 10 -- Women who quit smoking before they get pregnant may save their babies' lives, says a new study of more than 3 million births.
Looking at the data, researchers from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that smoking during pregnancy resulted in 5 percent to 8 percent of all premature births and 13 percent to 19 percent of full-term babies with a low birth weight.
Researchers also found that 5 percent to 7 percent of deaths among the premature infants -- and 23 percent to 34 percent of deaths caused by SIDS -- could have been prevented if the mother had not smoked.
The CDC researchers examined data on 3.3 million births of single babies across the country (with the exception of California) during 2002. About 11.5 percent (386,000) of those babies had mothers who smoked during pregnancy.
If all women quit smoking during pregnancy, health care costs in the United States could be reduced by about $232 million a year and there would be improved overall health for mothers and babies, according to the researchers.
"We know that about half of women quit when they find out that they are pregnant, but a lot of women are still smoking during pregnancy," lead investigator Patricia Dietz said in a news release from the Center for the Advancement of Health.
"The percentage of SIDS deaths that might be avoided with smoking cessation is a significant number. For women who smoke and are considering pregnancy, we strongly recommend that they get preconception counseling for smoking cessation," Dr. Diane Ashton, deputy medical director of the March of Dimes, said in the news release.
The study appears online and in the July print issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
THURSDAY, June 10 -- Women who quit smoking before they get pregnant may save their babies' lives, says a new study of more than 3 million births.
Looking at the data, researchers from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that smoking during pregnancy resulted in 5 percent to 8 percent of all premature births and 13 percent to 19 percent of full-term babies with a low birth weight.
Researchers also found that 5 percent to 7 percent of deaths among the premature infants -- and 23 percent to 34 percent of deaths caused by SIDS -- could have been prevented if the mother had not smoked.
The CDC researchers examined data on 3.3 million births of single babies across the country (with the exception of California) during 2002. About 11.5 percent (386,000) of those babies had mothers who smoked during pregnancy.
If all women quit smoking during pregnancy, health care costs in the United States could be reduced by about $232 million a year and there would be improved overall health for mothers and babies, according to the researchers.
"We know that about half of women quit when they find out that they are pregnant, but a lot of women are still smoking during pregnancy," lead investigator Patricia Dietz said in a news release from the Center for the Advancement of Health.
"The percentage of SIDS deaths that might be avoided with smoking cessation is a significant number. For women who smoke and are considering pregnancy, we strongly recommend that they get preconception counseling for smoking cessation," Dr. Diane Ashton, deputy medical director of the March of Dimes, said in the news release.
The study appears online and in the July print issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
Thursday, June 10, 2010
Shark Cartilage Supplement
Research spotlight from the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM):
Shark Cartilage Supplement Does Not Extend the Lives of Lung Cancer Patients
With more than 40 brand-name products, shark cartilage has become one of the most commonly recognized supplements in the United States. Primarily used for cancer, shark cartilage became popular in the 1980s after several reports of "miracle" cures in cancers treated with shark cartilage.
Researchers recently announced the results of an NCCAM and National Cancer Institute co-funded clinical trial showing that a shark cartilage supplement did not improve the overall survival of patients with lung cancer.
Charles Lu, M.D., and colleagues at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center conducted this phase III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial at cancer centers throughout the U.S. and Canada.
The researchers were trying to see if a shark cartilage supplement, AE-941 (Neovastat), would shrink or slow the growth of cancer in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer. The supplement, AE-941, was available only through the trial and cannot be purchased commercially.
All 379 patients in the study received radiation and chemotherapy in addition to a shark cartilage supplement or a placebo pill. The study team found that those taking the supplement did not live any longer than those taking the placebo. (On average, patients in the shark cartilage group lived for 14.4 months, while the standard treatment group lived about 15.6 months. This difference was not statistically significant.)
A previous NCCAM-funded study also found that shark cartilage did not benefit patients with advanced breast or colon cancer. Results of that trial are available here: nccam.nih.gov/research/results/sharkcartilage_rr.htm.
References
A phase III study of AE-941 with induction chemotherapy (IC) and concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for stage III non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (NCI T99-0046, RTOG 02-70, MDA 99-303), C. Lu, J. J. Lee, R. Komaki, R. S. Herbst, W. K. Evans, H. Choy, P. Desjardins, B. T. Esparaz, M. Truong, M. J. Fisch.
Abstract presented at the June 2007 American Society of Clinical Oncology meeting.
More information on AE-941 is available here: www.cancer.gov/ncicancerbulletin/NCI_Cancer_Bulletin_072605/page4.
Shark Cartilage Supplement Does Not Extend the Lives of Lung Cancer Patients
With more than 40 brand-name products, shark cartilage has become one of the most commonly recognized supplements in the United States. Primarily used for cancer, shark cartilage became popular in the 1980s after several reports of "miracle" cures in cancers treated with shark cartilage.
Researchers recently announced the results of an NCCAM and National Cancer Institute co-funded clinical trial showing that a shark cartilage supplement did not improve the overall survival of patients with lung cancer.
Charles Lu, M.D., and colleagues at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center conducted this phase III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial at cancer centers throughout the U.S. and Canada.
The researchers were trying to see if a shark cartilage supplement, AE-941 (Neovastat), would shrink or slow the growth of cancer in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer. The supplement, AE-941, was available only through the trial and cannot be purchased commercially.
All 379 patients in the study received radiation and chemotherapy in addition to a shark cartilage supplement or a placebo pill. The study team found that those taking the supplement did not live any longer than those taking the placebo. (On average, patients in the shark cartilage group lived for 14.4 months, while the standard treatment group lived about 15.6 months. This difference was not statistically significant.)
A previous NCCAM-funded study also found that shark cartilage did not benefit patients with advanced breast or colon cancer. Results of that trial are available here: nccam.nih.gov/research/results/sharkcartilage_rr.htm.
References
A phase III study of AE-941 with induction chemotherapy (IC) and concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for stage III non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (NCI T99-0046, RTOG 02-70, MDA 99-303), C. Lu, J. J. Lee, R. Komaki, R. S. Herbst, W. K. Evans, H. Choy, P. Desjardins, B. T. Esparaz, M. Truong, M. J. Fisch.
Abstract presented at the June 2007 American Society of Clinical Oncology meeting.
More information on AE-941 is available here: www.cancer.gov/ncicancerbulletin/NCI_Cancer_Bulletin_072605/page4.
Wednesday, June 9, 2010
Eating Disorders
Eating disorders are serious behavior problems. They include:
Anorexia nervosa, in which you become too thin, but you don't eat enough because you think you are fat
Bulimia nervosa, involving periods of overeating followed by purging, sometimes through self-induced vomiting or using laxatives
Binge-eating, which is out-of-control eating
Women are more likely than men to have eating disorders. They usually start in the teenage years and often occur along with depression, anxiety disorders and substance abuse.
Eating disorders can cause heart and kidney problems and even death. Getting help early is important. Treatment involves monitoring, mental health therapy, nutritional counseling and sometimes medicines.1
According to the National Eating Disorders Association, the average American woman is 5 feet, 4 inches tall and weighs 140 pounds. The average American model is 5 feet, 11 inches tall and weighs 117 pounds. With all the emphasis on thinness in today’s society, it’s no wonder that girls and young women feel they have to look like Heidi Klum.
While there is no single known cause of eating disorders, several things may contribute to the development of these disorders:
Culture. The U.S. has a social and cultural ideal of extreme thinness. Women partially define themselves by how physically attractive they are.
Personal characteristics. Feelings of helplessness, worthlessness, and poor self-image often accompany eating disorders.
Other emotional disorders. Other mental health problems, like depression or anxiety, occur along with eating disorders.
Stressful events or life changes. Things like starting a new school or job or being teased and traumatic events like rape can lead to the onset of eating disorders.
Biology. Studies are being done to look at genes, hormones, and chemicals in the brain that may have an effect on the development of, and recovery from eating disorders.
Families. The attitude of parents about appearance and diet affects their kids' attitudes. Also, if your mother or sister has bulimia, you are more likely to have it.2
For more information on eating disorders, visit the MedlinePlus eating disorder page at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/eatingdisorders.html for information on all aspects of eating disorders, including prevention, diagnosis, treatment and more.
1. From the National Institute of Mental Health
2. Body Image: Loving Your Body Inside and Out. http://womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/eatingdisorders (accessed 6/9/2010)
Tuesday, June 8, 2010
Melanoma
With the summer months just around the corner, it is important to protect yourself against the harmful rays of the sun. Previous posts talked about things you can do to protect yourself from harmful ultraviolet rays. This post talks about melanoma, the most serious type of skin cancer. Often the first sign of melanoma is a change in the size, shape, color or feel of a mole. Most melanomas have a black or black-blue area. Melanoma may also appear as a new mole. It may be black, abnormal or "ugly looking."
Thinking of "ABCD" can help you remember what to watch for:
Asymmetry - the shape of one half does not match the other
Border - the edges are ragged, blurred or irregular
Color - the color in uneven and may include shades of black, brown and tan
Diameter - there is a change in size, usually an increase
Melanoma can be cured if it is diagnosed and treated early. If melanoma is not removed in its early stages, cancer cells may grow downward from the skin surface and invade healthy tissue. If it spreads to other parts of the body it can be difficult to control.
For more information on melanoma, visit the comprehensive MedlinePlus melanoma page at:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/melanoma.html.
Thinking of "ABCD" can help you remember what to watch for:
Asymmetry - the shape of one half does not match the other
Border - the edges are ragged, blurred or irregular
Color - the color in uneven and may include shades of black, brown and tan
Diameter - there is a change in size, usually an increase
Melanoma can be cured if it is diagnosed and treated early. If melanoma is not removed in its early stages, cancer cells may grow downward from the skin surface and invade healthy tissue. If it spreads to other parts of the body it can be difficult to control.
For more information on melanoma, visit the comprehensive MedlinePlus melanoma page at:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/melanoma.html.
Monday, June 7, 2010
The Ultraviolet (UV) Index
June is Cancer from the Sun month, but the sun can harm more than just your skin. Below is a chart with the UV index with descriptions of each level and precautions to take when the index reaches a particlular level.
(Click on chart to enlarge)
Cautionary notes
Be aware when interpreting the UV index and recommendations that:
The intensity of UV radiation reaching the surface of the earth varies greatly depending on how high the angle of the sun is in the sky. The sun reaches its highest angle at solar noon, which rarely corresponds to 12:00 on clocks. This is because of the differences between solar time and local time in a given time zone
The recommendations given are for adults with pale to lightly tan skin. Children and particularly fair-skinned people or those who have sun sensitivity for medical reasons need to take extra precautions.
Damage from sun exposure is cumulative over one's lifetime. Cumulative exposure to the sun imparts damage to the epidermis (outer layer and the dermis (the deeper layer where the skin's framework exists). Damage to the dermal layer changes the structural components, causing Elastin fibers to thicken and become more numerous. Collagen is damaged and degraded and reticulin fibers appear throughout the dermis rather than outlining the specific dermal-epidermal junction.
Sunday, June 6, 2010
Indoor Tanning: The Risks of Ultraviolet Rays
From the Food and Drug Administration:
Sunlamps and tanning beds promise consumers a bronzed body year-round, but the ultraviolet (UV) radiation from these devices poses serious health risks.
“Although some people think that a tan gives them a ‘healthy’ glow, any tan is a sign of skin damage,” says Sharon Miller, M.S.E.E., a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) scientist and international expert on UV radiation and tanning.
“A tan is the skin’s reaction to exposure to UV rays,” says Miller. “Recognizing exposure to the rays as an ‘insult,’ the skin acts in self-defense by producing more melanin, a pigment that darkens the skin. Over time, this damage will lead to prematurely aged skin and, in some cases, skin cancer.”
Exposure to UV radiation—whether from the sun or from artificial sources such as sunlamps used in tanning beds—increases the risk of developing skin cancer, according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, is linked to getting severe sunburns, especially at a young age.
Other Risks
In addition to the serious risk of skin cancer, tanning can cause:
• Premature aging. Tanning causes the skin to lose elasticity and wrinkle prematurely. This leathery look may not show up until many years after you’ve had a tan or sunburn.
• Immune suppression. UV-B radiation may suppress proper functioning of the body’s immune system and the skin’s natural defenses, leaving you more vulnerable to diseases, including skin cancer.
• Eye damage. Exposure to UV radiation can cause irreversible damage to the eyes.
• Allergic reaction. Some people who are especially sensitive to UV radiation may develop an itchy red rash and other adverse effects.
Advocates of tanning devices sometimes argue that using these devices is less dangerous than sun tanning because the intensity of UV radiation and the time spent tanning can be controlled. But there is no evidence to support these claims. In fact, sunlamps may be more dangerous than the sun because they can be used at the same high intensity every day of the year—unlike the sun whose intensity varies with the time of day, the season, and cloud cover.
For a PDF of the complete brochure from the FDA, visit: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/UCM190664.pdf.
This brochure also includes a story about a former Miss Maryland who was diagnosed with melanoma after using tanning beds for years.
If you have trouble with the PDF, visit: http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm186687.htm
Sunlamps and tanning beds promise consumers a bronzed body year-round, but the ultraviolet (UV) radiation from these devices poses serious health risks.
“Although some people think that a tan gives them a ‘healthy’ glow, any tan is a sign of skin damage,” says Sharon Miller, M.S.E.E., a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) scientist and international expert on UV radiation and tanning.
“A tan is the skin’s reaction to exposure to UV rays,” says Miller. “Recognizing exposure to the rays as an ‘insult,’ the skin acts in self-defense by producing more melanin, a pigment that darkens the skin. Over time, this damage will lead to prematurely aged skin and, in some cases, skin cancer.”
Exposure to UV radiation—whether from the sun or from artificial sources such as sunlamps used in tanning beds—increases the risk of developing skin cancer, according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, is linked to getting severe sunburns, especially at a young age.
Other Risks
In addition to the serious risk of skin cancer, tanning can cause:
• Premature aging. Tanning causes the skin to lose elasticity and wrinkle prematurely. This leathery look may not show up until many years after you’ve had a tan or sunburn.
• Immune suppression. UV-B radiation may suppress proper functioning of the body’s immune system and the skin’s natural defenses, leaving you more vulnerable to diseases, including skin cancer.
• Eye damage. Exposure to UV radiation can cause irreversible damage to the eyes.
• Allergic reaction. Some people who are especially sensitive to UV radiation may develop an itchy red rash and other adverse effects.
Advocates of tanning devices sometimes argue that using these devices is less dangerous than sun tanning because the intensity of UV radiation and the time spent tanning can be controlled. But there is no evidence to support these claims. In fact, sunlamps may be more dangerous than the sun because they can be used at the same high intensity every day of the year—unlike the sun whose intensity varies with the time of day, the season, and cloud cover.
For a PDF of the complete brochure from the FDA, visit: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/UCM190664.pdf.
This brochure also includes a story about a former Miss Maryland who was diagnosed with melanoma after using tanning beds for years.
If you have trouble with the PDF, visit: http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm186687.htm
Sun Exposure (Sunburn)
Ultraviolet (UV) rays are an invisible form of radiation. They can penetrate your skin and damage your skin cells. Sunburns are a sign of skin damage. Suntans aren't healthy, either. They appear after the sun's rays have already killed some cells and damaged others. UV rays can cause skin damage during any season or at any temperature. They can also cause eye problems, wrinkles, skin spots, and skin cancer.
To protect yourself :
(From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
To protect yourself :
Stay out of the sun when it is strongest (between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.)
Use sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher
Wear protective clothing
Wear wraparound sunglasses that provide 100 percent UV ray protection
Avoid sunlamps and tanning beds
Check your skin regularly for changes in the size, shape, color or feel of birthmarks, moles and spots. Such changes are a sign of skin cancer.(From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Thursday, June 3, 2010
June is National Headache Month
From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke:
Oh my aching head! Nearly everyone has had a headache. The most common type of headache is a tension headache. Tension headaches are due to tight muscles in your shoulders, neck, scalp and jaw. They are often related to stress, depression or anxiety. You are more likely to get tension headaches if you work too much, don't get enough sleep, miss meals or use alcohol.
Other common types of headaches include migraines, cluster headaches and sinus headaches. Most people can feel much better by making lifestyle changes, learning ways to relax and taking pain relievers.
Headaches can have many causes, but serious causes of headaches are rare. Sometimes headaches warn of a more serious disorder. Let your health care provider know if you have sudden, severe headaches. Get medical help right away if you have a headache after a blow to your head, or if you have a headache along with a stiff neck, fever, confusion, loss of consciousness or pain in the eye or ear.
For more information on headaches, visit the MedlinePlus page at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/headache.html
Oh my aching head! Nearly everyone has had a headache. The most common type of headache is a tension headache. Tension headaches are due to tight muscles in your shoulders, neck, scalp and jaw. They are often related to stress, depression or anxiety. You are more likely to get tension headaches if you work too much, don't get enough sleep, miss meals or use alcohol.
Other common types of headaches include migraines, cluster headaches and sinus headaches. Most people can feel much better by making lifestyle changes, learning ways to relax and taking pain relievers.
Headaches can have many causes, but serious causes of headaches are rare. Sometimes headaches warn of a more serious disorder. Let your health care provider know if you have sudden, severe headaches. Get medical help right away if you have a headache after a blow to your head, or if you have a headache along with a stiff neck, fever, confusion, loss of consciousness or pain in the eye or ear.
For more information on headaches, visit the MedlinePlus page at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/headache.html
Tuesday, June 1, 2010
Domestic Violence: Telling Amy's Story
Domestic violence is a type of abuse. It involves injuring someone, usually a spouse or partner, but it can also be a parent, child or other family member.
Domestic violence is a serious problem. It is a common cause of injury. Victims may suffer physical injuries such as bruises or broken bones. They may suffer emotionally from depression, anxiety or social isolation.
It is hard to know exactly how common domestic violence is, because people often don't report it. There is no typical victim. It happens among people of all ages. It affects those of all levels of income and education.
Starting today, PBS stations across the country will be airing a special program called "Telling Amy's Story". It recounts the sad story about a woman who was killed by her husband back in 1991 in Pennsylvania. Many of her co-workers missed warning signs that could have saved Amy if someone had stepped forward.
Here is some information about the movie:
Telling Amy’s Story Hosted by actress and advocate Mariska Hargitay, and told by Detective Deirdri Fishel, Telling Amy’s Story follows the timeline of a domestic violence homicide that occurred on November 8, 2001.
Personal Perspectives The victim’s parents and co-workers, law enforcement officers, and court personnel share their perspectives on what happened to Amy in the weeks, months, and years leading up to her death.
Changing Outcomes While we will never be able to change the ending to Amy’s story, we hope that its telling can change outcomes for the millions of victims, survivors, and loved ones affected by domestic violence every day.
To find a list of showings in the major TV markets, visit http://telling.psu.edu/film/index.html. If your area is not listed, check your local listings.
To find more resources on domestic violence, visit the MedlinePlus Domestic Violence page at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/domesticviolence.html
Domestic violence is a serious problem. It is a common cause of injury. Victims may suffer physical injuries such as bruises or broken bones. They may suffer emotionally from depression, anxiety or social isolation.
It is hard to know exactly how common domestic violence is, because people often don't report it. There is no typical victim. It happens among people of all ages. It affects those of all levels of income and education.
Starting today, PBS stations across the country will be airing a special program called "Telling Amy's Story". It recounts the sad story about a woman who was killed by her husband back in 1991 in Pennsylvania. Many of her co-workers missed warning signs that could have saved Amy if someone had stepped forward.
Here is some information about the movie:
Telling Amy’s Story Hosted by actress and advocate Mariska Hargitay, and told by Detective Deirdri Fishel, Telling Amy’s Story follows the timeline of a domestic violence homicide that occurred on November 8, 2001.
Personal Perspectives The victim’s parents and co-workers, law enforcement officers, and court personnel share their perspectives on what happened to Amy in the weeks, months, and years leading up to her death.
Changing Outcomes While we will never be able to change the ending to Amy’s story, we hope that its telling can change outcomes for the millions of victims, survivors, and loved ones affected by domestic violence every day.
To find a list of showings in the major TV markets, visit http://telling.psu.edu/film/index.html. If your area is not listed, check your local listings.
To find more resources on domestic violence, visit the MedlinePlus Domestic Violence page at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/domesticviolence.html
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